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Project objective

dr hab. Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska
For years: 2022–2027
Project number: 101041946
ERC Starting Grant

Ghosts are often presented as the spirits of the dead haunting the living. But what if we understood them as material remains, bringing to light overlooked past and enabling us to grasp the experience of the otherness? We propose such an approach in research on displacement, on territories previously inhabited by one culture but after a forced migration resettled by another one.

The displacement comprises expulsion and resettlement. While the former is well-researched, much of the latter remains understudied: especially the settlers’ experiences with things previous inhabitants had left behind. Things act as “ghosts” of previous culture and force settlers to interact with the “spectral” presence of the expellees. Hence, we will operationalize the category of “post-displacement” as a form of afterlife, based on archival records and fieldwork, in 3 regions in Slavic Central Europe where the traces of previous German cultures remained visible, regardless of the efforts to remove them. With hauntology as the proposed research framework and introduction of the category of recycling, we will establish a novel approach in research on the post-displacement regions. Hauntology, a spectral theory of being, shows how the present is pervaded by the past and enables us to engage with unresolved questions, becoming a tool to investigate unexplained phenomena. Recycling is a mechanism of reintroducing the things that were left by expellees into the life of the settlers. Our approach will bring fresh insights into everyday life in the post-displacement regions by providing a more nuanced and coherent understanding of forced migration processes and their continuous reinterpretations in different political and ideological regimes. In understanding what post-displacement things are and the attitude of people towards them, the project presents a showcase study of what we can learn about the emergence of new cultures from the experiences of Central Europe.

Team

dr hab. Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska, prof. IS PAN
Principal Investigator in ERC StG
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dr Angelika Zanki
Manager/research facilitator in ERC StG
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mgr. Karina Hoření
Researcher in ERC StG
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Michal Korhel, Ph.D.
Researcher in ERC StG
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mgr Magdalena Bubík
PhD student/assistant
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News

Magdalena taking part in the 80th anniversary of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren in Liberec

In mid-October, celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (Českobratrská církev evangelická) congregation in Liberec took place. As part of the event, Magdalena delivered a lecture entitled Protestanti na Liberecku – mezi státem, hranicemi a vyznáním (“Protestants in the Liberec Region – Between the State, Borders and Faith”).

The event brought together congregation members, clergy, invited guests, and members of former pastors’ families. Magdalena presented the history of Protestantism in the Liberec region from the nineteenth century to the present day, exploring the transformations of local Protestant communities in the context of political, social, and religious change. The lecture began by examining the origins of Protestant congregations in Jablonec nad Nisou, Liberec, and Frýdlant, as well as the construction of their churches. It then explored the changes brought about by the establishment of Czechoslovakia and the end of the Second World War. Particular attention was paid to the impact of state policies, interdenominational relations, and changing borders on the functioning and development of local Protestant communities.

The lecture offered an opportunity to explore the history of Protestantism in the region through the lens of Magdalena’s research into religious heritage and the transformations of religious communities in post-displacement regions. It also provided an opportunity to meet people for whom the congregation’s history remains an important part of their family and local memory.

the first slide of Magdalena’s presentation

What does “formerly German” mean today? Reflections after the debate at Pracownia Etnograficzna

What paradigms shape how we think about Poland’s post-displacement regions? Has the meaning of “formerly German” changed over the past 80 years, as these regions have become part of Poland and successive generations of settlers have created new meanings along the way? To explore these questions, we gathered at the welcoming space of Pracownia Etnograficzna on Warecka Street in Warsaw on the evening of 21 September 2026.

The discussion was moderated by anthropologist Helena Patzer, who is currently conducting research in the Krajna region, between Poland’s “Recovered Territories” and its “Elder Lands”. The three researchers who took part in it, represented the disciplines of sociology, history, and anthropology. Małgorzata Łukianow, a sociologist and author of the recently published book “Memory in Postmigration Communities: Fields of Memory”, reflected on her research in the Powiśle and Łużyce regions. Małgorzata Bukiel, responsible for the recent sociological survey report “There are no Recovered Territories anymore” shared her insights coming from the report as well as her research in the Lubusz Land region. Last but not least was our own Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska.

Małgorzata Łukianow opened the discussion by explaining that the title of the debate, “The End of Former Germanness”, was not an attempt to dismiss previous research, but rather a starting point for asking what we still do not fully understand and which concepts deserve a closer look. Karolina added examples from our team’s research, comparing the situation in Poland with that in Czechia. Małgorzata Bukiel presented the findings of her team’s sociological survey, emphasizing that she, too, sees them as a starting point for further discussion. All three researchers agreed that we still lack adequate language to express the experience of post-displacement.

The debate was streamed online, but above all, it brought together a substantial audience. Many people had to stand once Pracownia ran out of chairs. During the discussion that followed, which lasted over an hour, participants raised questions about the moral dimensions of “formerly German” heritage, the difference between “autochthonous” and “formerly German”, and how German scholars are responding to the ongoing debate on these issues in Poland.

We were happy to co-organize this event and look forward to more collaborations like this one!

debate at Pracownia Etnograficzna, photo: Maria Bartosz-Zawistowska

Karina Hoření at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Oral History Association

In mid-October, Karina Hoření presented her work at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Oral History Association in Portland, Oregon. This year’s conference theme, “Landscapes of Memory,” explored how people shape and develop relationships with the land, both real and imagined.

Karina’s presentation examined how the first generation of post-war newcomers to the Czech borderlands learned to navigate a region that was still unfamiliar to them, and how they interpreted its landscape through material traces left by the previous German-speaking population.

The international conference provided an opportunity to share our research and engage in dialogue with scholars working on case studies from different geographical contexts. Karina’s panel brought together researchers working with material from Palestine, Ghana, and the United States. Despite their different geographical contexts, their contributions were connected by shared questions of belonging and place-making.

New commentary in the Slovak daily newspaper Denník N by Michal Korhel 

Human remains discovered some time ago in the Czech town of Postoloprty have once again raised the question of postwar violence against the civilian German-speaking population. They also remind us how difficult it can be to talk about a past that does not fit neatly into the usual division between victims and perpetrators.


In a new article for Denník N, our researcher Michal uses the example of Postoloprty to look at how Czech society deals with this uncomfortable past. He compares the Czech experience with the way violence against German civilians during the Slovak National Uprising is remembered in Slovakia.


Why do Sklené, Banská Štiavnica, and Magurka remain at the margins of the story of the Slovak National Uprising? And what happens when we do not want to talk about the uncomfortable chapters of our own past?

Link to the article you can find here.